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Wyatt’s Minnesota Goodbye

After four years on Team Echinacea, today is my last official day with the project. As a write this from the Chicago Botanic Garden, it’s hard not to get all retrospective about it. I’ve been on the team for 1/6th of my life! But also, only for about 1/8th of the span of the Echinacea Project’s existence. Now that’s crazy. I feel so fortunate to have been with this project in so many capacities—first as a summer REU student, then a work study, a grad student, and lastly a lab manager/research assistant. My time here has profoundly shaped me as a scientist and person, and I will always be grateful.

My last weeks in the field in Minnesota were at the start of June, first with just Stuart, Maddie, Maddie, and Jared, and then joined by the rest of the summer 2025 team. We got a lot done, and had fun to boot!

During the first week, the Maddies, Jared, and I staked, flagged, and searched seed addition transects in the remnants. Many seedlings juveniles were found!

After the rest of the team arrived the following Monday, we did some onboarding activities, including a visit to Staffanson and Hegg Lake. Both these sites burned this spring! This, plus the fact that we burned p1 and p8, means that p1, p2, p3, p4, p5, p7, p8, and p9 all burned this year. Gee whiz! A bountiful harvest lies ahead, I suspect.

The other big activity/accomplishment from this week (at least when I was there) was flagging p1. Usually, this is an endeavor that takes at least a couple days. However, with a brief head start and Ruth’s help, the team was able to flag the entire plot in one day! We benefitted from the fact that p1 burned in the spring because old pin flags, staples, and plants were easier to find. Huzzah!

After my last day in the field, Wednesday the 18th, the team gathered at Elk Lake for a potluck and swimming. Everyone brought delicious food, from fruit to beans to pasta salads to baked goods. Sooo satiated. After some diving shenanigans, the Maddies and I headed to the last stop on my Hoffman bucket list: Bullfrogs. Bullfrogs was not hoppin’, but we still got in a couple rounds of Maddie Sadler trouncing us at pool. The next day, my dad picked me up to fish for smallmouth bass (classic) east of Sauk Centre before we headed back to the cities.

Side note – I recently acquired a bare-bones digital point-and-shoot camera and have been enjoying clicking it at people. Below are two unique reactions to realizing your photo is being taken.

Now that the recent field pics are posted, I want to leave off with some of my fav pictures/moments/memories from the last few years that may or may not have made it on the flog before.

Burning:

Flora and Fauna:

Minnesota skies:

Shenanigans:

Thank you to everyone who’s made the last few years on the team such a treat. I’ll miss the prairie immensely during my upcoming stint in California, but there’s something to be said for new adventures, too. I’ll see you around!

– Wyatt

Day in the Life – July 2, 2025

New members of team Echinacea!
This week, we moved in our newest members—goats. The goats assist in weed removal. These animals are particularly good at removing the persistent and invasive buckthorn from patches around Hjelm. They’re also great for team morale. We have also had some time with Gretel and Stuart’s dog (Blue) and cat (Teenie).

Demography and surveying
Echinacea angustifolia is a long-lived perennial, but we are unsure how long they actually live. To track individual plant lifespans, we “demo” every season. This marks the 30th year of demography data for the Echinacea Project!
This week, we have made good headway demo-ing and surveying the remnant prairie field sites. As a team, we have taken demography on over 300 plants in the past two days. Our high school and REU students practiced their echinacea spotting, visor usage, and GPS skills.

Pollinator projects
REU interns Grace and Kyra have solidified their experimental design on their pollinator mark and recapture project. We used nets and vials to capture local honey bees as practice before we move on to bee populations in the remnants. To mark them, we placed the bees in our constructed “bee plungers”, easing them to the top of a mesh-covered tube, where we could them use paint marks to place tiny dots on their abdomens. The order and color of these dots will allow Grace and Kyra to keep track of each individual bee that they capture throughout the project.

annual census underway

Team Echinacea has begun the annual census of Echinacea plants. Each year we census all flowering plants at over 30 prairie sites. Each plant gets a digital census record, a flag, and a tag. Most plants already have a tag, so we don’t give them a new one. But some have lost their tag or are flowering for the first time, so they need a new tag. New tags this year are numbered starting at 30,001. Plants get neon flags and we will come back and survey them so we can make a map of the location of every plant. Once they get surveyed, we replace the neon flag. All of these efforts help build a long-term dataset about the survival and reproduction of these very long-lived plants. These plants face many challenges living in small prairie patches, but they are tough.

Below is a summary of the number of census records taken so far at nine sites

   site              rawSite demo.id
1 other                            1
2   alf      around landfill      11
3    cg        common garden      23
4  eelr   east elk lake road      19
5   lfe        landfill east     118
6   lfw        landfill west      99
7   lce loeffler corner east      78
8   lcw loeffler corner west      81
9  rrxx    railroad crossing      36

transplant Comandra

Project Comandra umbellata: Pair Plugs

The project I will be working on this summer is transplanting and growing Comandra umbellata with either its field host or with a Galium boreale plug. Today, I prepared the growing container for the plants. We leveled off the ground, drilled holes in the container, cut and placed the drainage tile, and purchased river rock, black dirt, and beach sand, which we used to fill the container. See pictures below.

The next step is to decide which sites and which plants we are going to collect. Finally, we will plant the plants in the growing container and record observations about their growth.

Transplanting in P8

Yesterday Team Echinacea took the afternoon to do some transplanting in P8. We planted 4 different species: Dichanthelium leibergii, Solidago missouriensis, Bromus kalmii, and Carex bicknellii. All of these species we want to establish in P8 because seed collection is very difficult and by starting plants from plugs we hope to establish enough plants to be able to successfully collect seeds to distribute in other areas of the experimental plot. These species are of interest to prairie restorationist and could serve a basis for future projects by members of the Echinacea Project. Solidago missouriensis are a colonel species but flower infrequently making them hard to collect seed from. In the past we have had another member of team Echinacea research Dichanthelium leibergii and could be used as a great focal species to conduct a future study on pollination biology.

The transplanting yesterday also served as good experience for folks to come together and design a plot together, get experience flagging out a new plot, as well as give them good experience with planting different types of plugs in different settings. Everyone did a great job in working together and delegating tasks and got 120 plants planted in only ~90 minutes!

Planting List:

Species# of plugs planted
Dichanthelium leibergii40
Solidago missouriensis20
Bromus kalmii30
Carex bicknellii30

Bonus Update: The robin babies are growing up and getting big enough to watch while at lunch. Soon enough they’ll be off on their own!

Weedies are meanies :( (Getting rid of invasive plants 06/23/2025)

Today we went to the surrounding areas of P1 and P8 —Experimental Plot number 1 and Experimental Plot number 8 respectively— to take care of the weeds found in those places (birdsfoot trefoil aka Lotus corniculatus, and sweet clover aka Melilotus officinalis).

We know that invasive plants have been expanding around the remnants of prairie and that these invasive plants represent a risk for native prairie plants (Echinacea angustifolia, porcupine grass, little bluestem, big bluestem) as they compete for the remaining space and resources, but after trying for some time we have not found a herbicide that eliminates those weeds without damaging native prairie plants, therefore we choose to manually get rid of these weeds. We spent the whole morning getting rid of the invasive plants and we did enjoy it and it made us very happy to make plants happy. 🙂

The Search for Stipa in P1 (2025-06-20)

This week the team went out to experimental plot one with one clear goal, locate Hesperostipa Spartea, commonly referred to as Porcupine Grass. The team divided the plots and went off and searched–rows 42-49 were excluded from data collection. With an average time of 13 minutes per row and an extraordinary performance by Gael being the team member with the most data gathered with 17 rows. While the plants were not dry enough for seed collection, they were marked for a quick trip back to gather seeds.

RowsInitialsDateStartFinishTime Spent
26MD | KNS06/18/2511:0911:340:25
27MD | KNS06/18/2511:3911:560:17
21CLM | GGL06/18/2511:1911:430:24
20CLM | GGL06/18/2511:0111:180:17
24AJB | GAK06/18/2511:0211:330:31
25AJB | GAK06/18/2511:3411:550:21
22AJB | GAK06/18/2513:5814:210:23
23AJB | GAK06/18/2514:2114:340:13
14MRS | KNS06/18/2513:5814:090:11
15MRS | KNS06/18/2514:0914:230:14
10CLM | GGL06/18/2514:0014:060:06
11CLM | GGL06/18/2514:0714:170:10
16CLM | GGL06/18/2514:1814:300:12
17CLM | GGL06/18/2514:3014:440:14
13MRS | KNS06/18/2514:2514:340:09
12MRS | KNS06/18/2514:3514:430:08
34AJB | GAK06/18/2514:3714:540:17
35AJB | GAK06/18/2514:5315:080:15
37CLM | GGL06/18/2515:0415:160:12
36CLM | GGL06/18/2514:4615:040:18
19MRS | KNS06/18/2514:5715:050:08
18MRS | KNS06/18/2514:4714:570:10
28AJB | GAK06/18/2515:1715:320:15
29AJB | GAK06/18/2515:3215:470:15
31MRS | KNS06/18/2515:2915:390:10
30MRS | KNS06/18/2515:1215:290:17
41CLM | GGL06/18/2515:2915:440:15
40CLM | GGL06/18/2515:1815:290:11
33MRS | KNS06/18/2516:0316:190:16
32MRS | KNS06/18/2515:4316:010:18
52AJB | GAK06/18/2516:1516:300:15
53MRS | KNS06/18/2516:2816:300:02
54AJB | GGL06/20/2511:0011:060:06
55AJB | GGL06/20/2511:0611:130:07
39CLM | GGL06/18/2516:0316:150:12
38CLM | GGL06/18/2515:5416:030:09
50AJB | GGL06/20/2510:4810:530:05
51AJB | GGL06/20/2510:5310:590:06
56CLM | GGL06/18/2516:1716:300:13

Viola Status Update (Friday, June 20th)

This is an update of the Viola propagation tub and the state of the plants.

This image shows the plants that are dead.

All remaining plants have pods. The table shows the information of each remaining plant, including tag, position and pod count.

TagPlanted PositionPod Count
2036
441414
1957
44261
1277
4811
443104
6115
9126
14135
111411
16156
3167
445182
7196
18204
15212
17224
13237
Picture of the Viola tub taken by Aaron.

Chelsea Miller

Echinacea Project 2025

I am a teacher at Badger High School in Lake Geneva, WI as well as a grad student pursuing a doctorate in education from Alverno College in Milwaukee, WI.

Pronouns: She/Her

Research Interests

I’m interested in developing a high school environmental studies curriculum focused on prairie fragmentation and restoration. My goal is to learn a range of field research and data collection techniques, as well as explore the investigative questions pursued by Team Echinacea’s graduate and undergraduate researchers. I hope to use these questions as anchoring phenomena to teach core concepts in ecology and environmental science. I also plan to bring these methods back to my students at Badger High School, where we have access to a nearby prairie in a state park that could serve as a local field site for authentic, hands-on learning.

Statement

I’m a high school science teacher at my alma mater, Badger High School in Lake Geneva, WI, where I teach Biology, Anatomy & Physiology, Environmental Science, and Chemistry. I came to education through a nontraditional path—earning a degree in Medical Microbiology and Immunology from UW–Madison and conducting research in the Bacteriology Department and Carbone Cancer Center before pursuing my Master’s in Education. I’ve now completed nine years in the classroom and am currently a doctoral student in K–12 Leadership at Alverno College. My dissertation focuses on advancing science literacy equity for historically marginalized students, including those with IEPs, multilingual learners, and students experiencing economic hardship. I also coach softball, advise the environmental club, and support my family’s restaurant in a variety of roles in Delavan, WI (Fire2Fork) where my husband is a chef!

Kyra Sykes

Echinacea Project 2025

I am a rising junior majoring in biological sciences at North Carolina State University.

Pronouns: She/Her

Research Interests

I am broadly interested biological research. I enjoy investigating how living things are affected by their physical environments, and especially how climate change is impacting them. 

Statement

I have lived in North Carolina my entire life, and I enjoy adventuring out and experiencing new places. In my free time I enjoy hiking, camping, observing wildlife, and cooking dishes from different cultures.